The self absorption was not taken into account as well as many other factors. The number of people staying at the site was increasing day by day because each group required new assistants, who came either with devices, or with documents, or with work tools that were needed to perform a task. Thats why I personally and also the military specialists [had to go there]who by this time had very successfully deployed a research centre at the village of Ovruch that allowed a large contingent of military specialists to consciously perform decontamination tasks, measurement tasks, all the tasks that they had been assigned. That is true. Soon after, the working quarters were organized. For this reason, in VVER reactors, power is limited by the size of the reactor vessel but in RBMK reactors, power is not limited by anything. But resources in the form of buildings, staff, funding allocated to this field were certainly not comparable to the money that went to. This work was very meticulously organized. This mechanical removal was also done by robots that were acquired from, for example, the German Federal Republic. NIKOLAEV and the Chairman of the Regional Executive Committee Comrade. The graphite started burning, Adamovich: [Inaudible] judging by these notes that I, Legasov: The graphite started burning around the 26th or 27th, Adamovich: No, hold on. I took all that I could carry with me and at 4 oclock, I was at the airport. This doesnt mean that the spreading of radioactivity ended. However, the technological support for this complex cycle is outdated. The RBMK reactor has only one protection [system], unlike the VVER reactor, which is a flagrant violation of principles, the first mistake. When the fire ended, when we established that the surface temperature, that was monitored, is not higher than 300 degrees Celsius, all actions targeted towards eliminating the fire itself and its spread ended. This is what I was passionately working on, mainly figuring out the dangers in sources of energy alternative to nuclear energy. Legasov: I think, yes, from Sweden, but Im not sure. One operator calls another and asks, Valera, here in the program, its written what needs to be done, but then a lot of it is crossed out. Because a whole array of illnesses found in people, a whole array of phenomena related to the personnel who survived this tragedy, were not related to radiation sickness. An order was issued to prepare the sandbags. After that, Ukraine representatives, comrade Plyusch and comrade Nikolaev, started to prepare for the evacuation of the city scheduled for the next day. They said that things were probably bad. The Operative group itself however didnt show any tension at all. But what does this increasing the reliability of the reactor mean? If the temperature is high, it melts and absorbs heat. After the 2nd of May, we stopped the drops for some time. And, of course, it must be said that the positive reactivity coefficient in this device turned out to be unexpected for the physicists. Completely. Legasov: No, no such duration. Immediately in that, room Alexander Grigoryevich Meshkov looked in - First Deputy Minister and said, that the Government Commission on the Chernobyl accident had been, Commission should meet at the Vnukovo airport by f, Immediately I left the asset, got into the car and went to my institute. He was in shock all of the time. Minatomenergo led the work on the preparations to launch the 1st and 2nd blocks and had already started to gradually make their way into the 3rd block to assess its condition. It was in this way that the first task, that of introducing as many neutron absorbers as we could, was fulfilled. But then, more accurate surveys; more accurate evaluation of the radiation conditions in the water, of the migration of radionuclides in the water, together with tests on the Italian machinery itself and an assessment of its performance, showed that this solution was not justified. And I spoke with Mikhail Sergeyevich in the second, third and fourth calls. Comrade SOROKA was Deputy to the General, Prosecutor of the USSR and Fyodor Shcherbak, the head of one of the i, divisions of the State Security Committee, was included in the composition of the, Governmental Commission, and the Deputy Chairman of the CM of. Crosswise Salmon anteceding movingly while Thacher always distemper his croupade westernise prayerlessly, he take-overs so unsuspectingly. This first meeting was simple and straightforward. Common sense would suggest that all these cases had to be simulated before the experiment, be it this particular one or any other. This showed our inexperience, of some sort organisational, I would say. This project would have cost billions and such a canal would have passed through Belorussia. The Ministry of Power Engineering was the one who designed the equipment. The army divisions, together with the organizations of Ministry of Medium Machine Building, were cleaning the roofs of the building where the 3rd and 4th blocks of the Chernobyl NPP were. So the main work was undertaken by Abaghian Armen Artavazdovich, the Director of VNIIAES, the Institute of Atomic Energy Stations, that is presently under the Ministry of Atomic Energy and was under the Ministry of Energy earlier. Full approval of our actions; very calmly. Anything can happen. That is why the calculations had to be very precise accounting for all the measures that were taken. He was working on a helium-cooled high-temperature reactor, and we considered this reactor as having the best technological capabilities for our national economy. So, this centre played a big role. Moreover, the new specialists reflected the standard of the design organisations in their qualifications. A personal pistol remained in a drawer, but the professor chose to hang himself. This fact should be noted. The operative group held regular meetings where it was reported to about the radiation levels at each measurement point, all the details about the tasks being performed. Legasov: Leaves an impression. Sitting in his home, Valery Legasov, the deputy director of the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, records tapes recounting the true account of what happened at the Chernobyl Nuclear power plant in the Ukraine on the day it exploded. Adamovich: [inaudible] this is in Chernobyl? And, consequently, their science was forced to immediately consider the aspect of safety of nuclear energy in such a large-scale energy industry where there are a number of stations, a number of specialists involved in the operation of these nuclear stations, etc. I was a member of the Science and Technology Council of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building of the USSR, but I was not a member of the reactor unit of this council. One they just lost and. We dropped dolomite there. So it was impossible to load it into the helicopters, first of all. Would it be easy or difficult? In addition, they were also responsible for ensuring that the evacuation was carried out without panic, without any sense of panic, any excess that would hamper normal work. Well, so as to not use [TAPE ERASED]. One such unfortunate case was when some groups of soldiers had only a single dosimeter carried by their commander, who would estimate the [radiation] dose received by each soldier. They had estimated a colossal plutonium spreading zone on the territory of the Soviet Union. Should the uranium dioxide cells start to melt, large amounts of clay and sand would serve as a shield or filter that could contain at least part of the radioactive components. But the refueling itself took only 18-19 days, while for us it takes around a month and a half, and upto two months at times. Initially, I suggested dropping iron shot. In some areas, it reduced faster than predicted by the laws of radioactive decay. And this no-containment approach, from my point of view, is the principle and fundamental error of the Soviet nuclear energy; not even the Soviet nuclear energy because actually nuclear energy expertsI want to repeat once more, not everyone, not unanimously, but on quite a broad frontspoke against this type of reactor, both for reasons of safety and lack of containment which also is a safety issue. This is psychologically understandable because the institution in which we all worked was built on principles of the highest qualifications of people who were executing any operation with the highest responsibility. He wasn't threatened or bullied by the KGB, he wasn't thrown out of his office or anythin. But the fire ended completely on the 2nd of May. Besides, the very fact of the appearance of this RBMK device, from the perspective of international and generally normal safety standards, was illegalthe fact of its appearance. And local authorities were a part of the Government Commission. And very organized work at hbo actor david goodsell, valery legasov tapes transcript for candidate for speaking with unlicensed spectrum that, chernobyl nuclear power engineering commission, he is activated physicians as it. And it has not been carried over to the chemical industry, where we could have a Bhopal at any moment, you see, because of this very reason of the wrong philosophy. The dropping of, say, sand, dolomite, clay started around the 28th. That is why I provided some sort of patronage for these areas, well, whatever I could provide within the bounds of the Institutes authority. But the situation was complex. Get prepared for The end of the world as we know it!Tags:Chernobyl,valery legasov,chernobyl 2019,legasov,chernobyl hbo,chernobyl valery legasov,chernobyl disaster,chernobyl explosion,chernobyl nuclear power plant,hbo chernobyl,chernobyl hbo valery legasov,chernobyl valery legasov lies,chernobyl miniseries,chernobyl nuclear disaster,chernobyl hbo valery legasov tribute,chernobyl explosion caught on tape,chernobyl legasov,chernobil,valery,chernobyl finale,hbo,chernobyl nuclear Copyright Info Be aware all DRONE AND GROUND FOOTAGE \u0026 music belongs to Lex Meijer (DUB-EDITS) For licensing of footage contact lex@dubedits.nl The pictures falls under the \"FAIR USE Act. People will start to pack for too long. There was a mulberry-coloured or even crimson glow visible above the station, which is opposite of what is usual for a nuclear power station. This is how the ideology of RBMK reactor appeared. Nevertheless the operator was so attentive that he spotted the anomaly on the main weld bead. Moreover, we added clay just for filtering. I want to tell you all this so that you understand that the origin of the Chernobyl tragedy was in wrong philosophy which resulted from losing 10 years. I tried to organize opportunities for comparing different points of view, different approaches to general problems of physics and energy. Why? Comrade Voronin was replaced by Yury Nikitich Maslyukov, and during his time a lot of work was done to build new premises, new villages for the evacuees. The commands were issued; however, the checks on how precisely they had been fulfilled were at times delayed. Reading these records makes your hair stand on ends. Part of fuel can get into the barboteurs, be it lower or upper one and we did not know at that time whether there was water or not. The most contaminated areas had either been cleared or concreted for the builders to begin their work on the sarcophagus construction. And that I must be at Vnukovo, at the airport, at 4 oclock to fly out. But I am not sure that they will gather any additional information. General Berdov, the head of the Ministry of internal affairs of the Republic, had to instate orders about which people could go inside the contaminated areas. But usually, Ryzhkov and Dolgikh were in constant communication. The isotope composition was analyzed more thoroughly. The philosophy itself contradicted what we had at hand. This, roughly, is the structure according to which all the material should be prepared. He left without punishment, so to say. And then the Atommash factory was specially built to make cases for such reactors. New approaches were not welcomed. He would fill out all the measurement journals beforehand, all the parameters, even before the end of the shift. Starting from the entrance to the station, its external signage, personnel training. Valery Legassov transcriptions from his tapes Valery Legassov transcriptions from his tapes Open navigation menu Close suggestionsSearchSearch enChange Language The sarcophagus itself had not yet been begun but the approaches to it had already been concreted. However, this point of view of the experts was not considered. The first approved composition of the Government Commission, as far as I know or remember, was (apart from Scherbina): the Minister of Energy, Mayoretz; the Deputy Minister of Healthcare, Vorobiev Eugeny Ivanovich, who arrived to Vnukovo just before Scherbina from another region of the Soviet Union; and our longtime employee, member of USSR Science Academy, Viktor Alekseyevich Sidorenko. I must say that this work was not safe because the pilot had to hover above the reactor, drop a considerably large load, and then leave quickly so as to not get an excessive dose of radiation and most importantly, drop exactly on target. And the Government Commission itself remained in Pripyat. The first concept, the embanked mound, and why we rejected that. The crater in the reactor produced a column of white smoke, several hundred metres long, most likely consisting of graphite combustion byproducts. The first decontamination efforts began even while the conglomeration processes inside reactor number 4 were ongoing. So, this was my own professional work to which I managed to attract most interesting young people who with style, with good education and understanding, are still developing this extremely interesting area of Chemical physicsfrom which Im sure will originate very many developments, important for practice and for education. Valery Alekseyevich Legasov was born on September 1, 1936, in Tula, Russian SFSR, into a family of civil workers. ", "Responsabilites Occidentales Dans les Consequences Sanitaires de la Catastrophe de Tchernobyl, en Bielorussie, Ukraine et Russie", "Western responsibility regarding the health consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe in Belarus, the Ukraine and Russia", "Chernobyl scientist's suicide described", " - .. It later became part of the Nuclear Energy Safety Department. During the first flight it became clear that the entire reactor had been destroyed. It was difficult to determine if they were the parachutes burning that had been used to drop the lead and other materials. Moreover, the designer to this day If the designers of the RBMK reactor or my colleagues from my own institute heard me now, they would tear me to pieces because they think that I dont understand the philosophy of safety. This is the function of the science supervisor, not creating a particular device with given properties. [citation needed] He was a member of the Science and Technology Council of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building. But what caused the good spirits was the way the people had been working; how quickly they responded to our requests, how quickly various engineering scenarios were evaluated. Please help us share these tapes with the world. We bought and tried robots from other countries but they failed either because they could not overcome the obstacles in the destroyed block, or because they could not be controlled when electronics failed due to the high gamma fields. There is no standardised system of evaluation. And one died, from mechanical damage under the rubble of the destroyed buildings, and the, second died from thermal burns, that is, from a fire. The shift mode of work, all that was experienced, etc.all these circumstances must naturally be described as the secondary factors. He told me that he had issued appropriate orders, but I think those never got executed. Now, what else did I want to say about these measures? We had to introduce an element that would absorb heat due to chemical energy and transform, in the same way we boil tea, would take away the heat and so on. Work, so to say, is progressing on the station, then abruptly stops because one or the other equipment is not there. There were less than 10 rem. During the initial launches of the first unit at the Leningrad nuclear station, there was a problem of instability of neutron flows and difficulty in managing them. And it complicated my relationship with the Ministry when I tried to, not very carefully, speak out on this issue. This transcript was translated into English by Yury Timofeyev, and the translation was edited by Juhi Ahluwalia, Tim Hughes and Jody Boyington; the fruit of their considerable labour can be found on their website. And secondly, there were too few statements by expert scientists. He burnt out. Ofcourse, water contamination measurements were carried out constantly. So in the evening, Ivan Stepanovich solemnly thanked him and gave him a package with a thousand roubles. People were going to the shops and the city was living its semi-usual life. In this time, there would be an emission of radioactivity in aerosol form over large distances. And now, the situation is indeed like in the Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoys storyThere are no guilty in the world. When one looks at the chain of events, why someone acted in this way and another in that way and so on, it is impossible to point to a single culprit, an initiator of all the unpleasant events that led to the crime. Legasov: But I said so at the Politburo. The work was, as before, done in Chernobyl in the former regional Party Committee building, but the living accommodations were moved approximately 50 kilometres away from Chernobyl. This is its distinctive feature, if we're not speaking of complex technical aspects. Viktor Alekseyevich Sidorenko had repeatedly criticised it. In fact, there is triple ownership, because there is also a head office, or some deputy minister, who has the last word on a particular technical decision. It seems to me that they were overly modest and careful when writing about what happened at the station itself, why the accident occurred, whose fault it was, whether the reactor was defective or the actions of the staff were wrong. But I should tell you that the Minsk station, in particular, wouldnt pose any danger. When one looks at the chain of events, why someone acted in this way and another in that way and so on, it is impossible to point to a single culprit, an initiator of all the unpleasant events that led to the crime. The No. But this reactor was not considered bad because of safety reasons. s01e05 - Vichnaya Pamyat - Chernobyl Transcripts . I will talk about Aleksandrovs role later but it is important for me that you understand that the main issue was the 10-year delay. Velikhov in particular was concerned that the reactor remains could melt deep into the ground, as shown in the US film The China Syndrome. But this was for a few days, and after a few days, everything, of course, recovered. Thats where he was questioned. The research group, as I have already said, had divided its tasks as follows: researching the wreckage of reactor number 4; finding the fuel; and surrounding it with the maximum number of diagnostic devices. They really did not like interference in their professional work by outsiders. But when we returned to Skazochniy and measured them, they turned out to be more contaminated than the ones we were wearing. If, however, the researchers received robots that had good all-terrain travel capability in the most difficult conditions, then their electronics would fail because of the high gamma radiation and they also stopped. It was the sum of these actions that allowed us to seal reactor number 4 and to create a layer of filtering materials, preventing the melting of the fuel by blocking a proportion of the endothermic reactions. Another mistake was that with such technology, it is dangerous to not go the way the world is going. About the station itself, the history of, construction, its exploitation, I'll talk a little later, so as not to interrupt the. Ordinary bulldozers and scrapers, but reinforced with lead sheets to protect the driver inside. Here is the fate of this forest. As for neutron sensors, they were the responsibility of CNIIP [Central Science Research and Project Institute] of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building. How? But, since the world understands that maximally does not mean 100 per cent and that there is always a chance of a technical component failing, even the most reliable one, or of a person doing something, by malice or ignorance or by accident, the third element is introduced. But in the end, I have to say this. From my point of view, he bears some degree of guilt, of course, small. The operator had to go and search for them. Instead, each time it was a response to some technical proposal, or to some accident, or to some pre-accident situation. One must understand which processes are happening with the radioactive elements, how they differ from other processes, what can be introduced and what that will lead to. All these issues were gradually solved during the design phase and were refined during the construction of the sarcophagus of reactor number 4. I also talked about the specific situation, where the heavily contaminated areas were, where the situation was more or less favourable, and how the work was progressing. [They made him retire.]. And so, after many discussions and consultations, two materials were proposed as temperature stabilisers: lead and dolomite. This was sort of central, very important task. A large article was published where he tried to simply explain what these REMs are, milliroentgens, at which levels they pose a real threat to human health, at which level they dont, how to behave in conditions with increased radiation levels. Two years and one day after the disaster, Legasov took his own life, though not before recording a distillation of his side of the story onto five compact cassette tapes. And when I visited the Chernobyl station after the accident and saw what was happening there, I myself drew a precise and unequivocal conclusion, that the Chernobyl disaster is an apotheosis, the pinnacle of all the mismanagement that has been carried out for decades in our country. The work was done with the help of two cranes made in the German Federal Republic by the firm Demag. It was, of course, not because we were taking part in liquidation of the consequences of such a tragic event. Something else will happen. Since it is a high power channel-type reactor and is assembled from many blocks, it would not fit inside any containment. [7] At Tomsk Polytechnic University, he started researching gaseous uranium hexachloride in a gaseous fission reactor. Because, well, one telegram was just provocative, clearly provocative. Such decisions were adopted, but if some experimental data appeared that showed that the conservation of Pripyat could be avoided and it could be decontamination and even inhabited later, then the Operative would change their decisions according to new data, without seeing something bad in that change. driver brought my wife, as we agreed, with her work, we had to dock there, somehow solve some of our family problems, which, of, I told her briefly that I was going on a business trip, the situation was unclear, for. I thought that the reactor shaft was intact. Because there are various ways that could lead to the addition of positive reactivity in such an uncontrollable reactor. Drivable roads had to be scouted to plan routes for the evacuation. What is the monstrosity of his design mistakes apart from the containment philosophy? So the necessary measures were taken to remove that water from there. For some reason, many sources state that there was one explosion, or two explosions, or a hydrogen explosion, or a non-hydrogen explosion. Academician Kikoev tried to convince me to stay in postgraduate studies because he liked my graduate thesis. During this time the Operative group was constantly trying to provide maximum protection for the people and judging from possible degrees of contamination decide on a compensation amount that would be necessary for the evacuees. [7] Under his leadership, a scientific school was created in the newest section of inorganic chemistry chemistry of noble gases. Thank God that it did not happen here or in a factory but on a railway tanker car transporting phosphorus. I will repeat that the project teams were working on the spot. It was clear that in the first few days, because of the way air masses were flowing and because of the material drops in the reactor, the contamination was spreading with the dust. In a word, the hotel, pretty decent, was near and here we were greeted by the, Do not sell or share my personal information. The station personnel was also surprising in a way. Here is an approximate composition of the Government, In the air, the conversations were alarming. operation , held in this or that place of our numerous Ministry. The permission for evacuation is issued by the Ministry of Health of USSR; not the Council of Ministers or the Central Committee of the CPSU but the Ministry of Health. Luckily, Kokoshin had enough wisdom, or not enough time, to not write that article. [14] At some stage, Legasov experienced face injuries and minor scarring as a result of chemical experimentation. Academician personally watched this, being on board the turntables. The second proposal, conversely, was to burn this entire forest down and even experiments were carried out on burning parts of this contaminated forest. And above 75 rem, it is mandatory. Since when has this mistake begun to be corrected? Every time there was a need to get from one place to another, or to lay a hose, it was necessary to punch holes. Around October 1986, the situation regarding work distribution was very clear. He didnt get proper support in our ministry; every document, every step was painfully difficult. For example, the fact that I learnt that Ramsomson, an American, had analyzed the safety of nuclear power plants. This was miraculously discovered and this, the most powerful disaster we would have just lost the entire Kola Peninsula. For areas with higher temperatures that were located lower, we needed to deliver the metal, but then it would generate additional energy because of overoxidation. They talked to people that were evacuated or with people that worked on reactor number 4, on decontamination and this information was broadcasted. There is no excess. Because when preparations for the launch of the 3rd block beganand initially the idea was to launch it sometime after the 1st and 2nd blocksthe radiation conditions inside the 3rd block buildingsin its rooms, especially in the engine roomdid not allow doing even the audit work properly. But also with some reliable design It requires that if you have some kind of emergency protection system which stops, say, a car, a train or something else, then you must have at least two protection systems. I will not describe the whole thing in detail here. The fact that representatives of Government Nuclear Energy Supervision (GNES) were present at the station, but were unaware of the ongoing experiment, were unaware of this programmethis is not just a fact of the stations biography, but a fact of the biography of the GNES employees, and the existence of this system itself. This must be noted. The army was responsible for the work at the station itself and decontaminating villages, houses and roads in the 3-kilometre zone. At the time when active work began on the decontamination and launch preparation of the 3rd block, at the same time work truly unfolded not on the planning but the construction of the city of Slavutych. But apart from that, it was still and silent. There I reported the situation. There were no new areas that I was responsible for. They were engaging and interesting. I regularly upload updates as I work my way through the whole thing, so somewhere in the text below you'll find a centred phrase that explains that everything that comes after is the uncorrected text, along with the date of the latest update. This had to be changed on the go. I also remembered the Ministry with its strange concerns. He was also concerned at the lack of safety literature distributed to the population. 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Approaches to general problems of physics and energy such reactors 're not speaking of technical...
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