[74] Bridges across the Golden Horn were constructed during this period,[75] and Constantinople was connected to the rest of the European railway network in the 1880s. It is located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York. The city is the administrative center of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (coterminous with Istanbul Province), both hosting a population of around 15 million residents. Istanbul is one of the world's most populous cities and ranks as the world's 5th-largest city proper and the largest European city. Istanbul is also famous for its sophisticated and elaborately-cooked dishes of the Ottoman cuisine. Kumkap along the Sea of Marmara has a pedestrian zone that hosts around fifty fish restaurants. [371] It is one of the 10 worst cities for NO2. [101] Furthermore, while the city itself lies in USDA hardiness zones 9a to 9b, its inland suburbs lie in zone 8b with isolated pockets of zone 8a, restricting the cultivation of cold-hardy subtropical plants to the coasts. [90] The threat of major earthquakes plays a large role in the city's infrastructure development, with over 500,000[90] vulnerable buildings demolished and replaced since 2012. [274] Prior to the completion of the Sinan Erdem Dome in 2010, Abdi peki Arena was Istanbul's primary indoor arena, having hosted the finals of EuroBasket 2001. [172][175] The Provincial Administration's duties are largely limited to the building and maintenance of schools, residences, government buildings, and roads, and the promotion of arts, culture, and nature conservation. Sergius and Bacchus, the Church of Theotokos Pammakaristos, the Monastery of the Pantocrator, the Monastery of Christ Pantepoptes, the Hagia Theodosia, the Church of Theotokos Kyriotissa, the Monastery of Constantine Lips, the Church of Myrelaion, the Hagios Theodoros, etc. Some of the most renowned and highly ranked universities in Turkey are in Istanbul. [210] Sympathetic to the plight of Sephardic Jews, Bayezid II sent out the Ottoman Navy under the command of admiral Kemal Reis to Spain in 1492 in order to evacuate them safely to Ottoman lands. The high population growth mirrors an urbanization trend across the country, as the second and third fastest-growing OECD metropolises are the Turkish cities of Izmir and Ankara. [243] Since then, Istanbul has been the most popular location to film Turkish dramas and comedies. The presence of feral cats in Istanbul (Turkish: sokak kedisi) is noted to be very prevalent, with estimates ranging from a hundred thousand to over a million stray cats. Furthermore, during early and mid-winter, the city's frequency of precipitation is virtually unparalleled in the Mediterranean basin; January averages 20 days of precipitation when counting trace accumulations,[103] 17 when using a 0.1mm threshold, and 12 when using a 1.0mm threshold. The total length of Istanbul Province's toll motorways network (otoyollar) is 543km (2021) and the state highways network (devlet yollari) is 353km (2021), totaling 896km of expressway roads (minimum 2x2 lanes), excluding secondary roads and urban streets. mirrors -- cm 147.4 cm Height 1 157.1 cm +9.7 257 [229], In 1995, keeping up with the financial trends, Borsa Istanbul moved its headquarters (which was originally located on Bankalar Caddesi, the financial center of the Ottoman Empire,[229] and later at the 4th Vakf Han building in Sirkeci) to stinye, in the vicinity of Maslak, which hosts the headquarters of numerous Turkish banks. Web14.9 million. [49] Constantine also undertook a major renovation and expansion of the Hippodrome of Constantinople; accommodating tens of thousands of spectators, the hippodrome became central to civic life and, in the 5th and 6th centuries, the center of episodes of unrest, including the Nika riots. Turkish National Movement 1923 More answers below Deepak Tripathi Istanbul was occasionally a venue of the F1 Powerboat World Championship, with the last race on the Bosporus strait on 1213 August 2000. [12] The city played a key role in the advancement of Christianity during Roman/Byzantine times, hosting four (including Chalcedon (Kadky) on the Asian side) of the first seven ecumenical councils (all of which were in present-day Turkey) before its transformation to an Islamic stronghold following the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 CEespecially after becoming the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1517. [214][215][216], Politically, Istanbul is seen as the most important administrative region in Turkey. [128] [157] The present palace grew over the centuries as a series of additions enfolding four courtyards and blending neoclassical, rococo, and baroque architectural forms. There are 13.4 million people living in the city, while London has only 8.1 million people (Versus par. [47], The establishment of Constantinople was one of Constantine's most lasting accomplishments, shifting Roman power eastward as the city became a center of Greek culture and Christianity. New York City (NYC), often called simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. Istanbul (/stnbl/ IST-an-BUUL,[7][8] US also /stnbl/ IST-an-buul; Turkish: stanbul [istanbu] (listen)), formerly known as Constantinople[b] (Greek: ; Latin: Constantinopolis), is the largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, cultural and historic hub. [157], The imperial mosques include Fatih Mosque, Bayezid Mosque, Yavuz Selim Mosque, Sleymaniye Mosque, Sultan Ahmed Mosque (the Blue Mosque), and Yeni Mosque, all of which were built at the peak of the Ottoman Empire, in the 16th and 17th centuries. [h], The Sinan Erdem Dome, among the largest indoor arenas in Europe, hosted the final of the 2010 FIBA World Championship, the 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships, as well as the 201112 Euroleague and 201617 EuroLeague Final Fours. Large sections of Caddebostan sit on areas of landfill, increasing the total area of the city to 5,343 square kilometers (2,063sqmi). [163] Laws enacted after the Ottoman constitution of 1876 aimed to expand this structure across the city, imitating the twenty arrondissements of Paris, but they were not fully implemented until 1908 when the city was declared a province with nine constituent districts. It experiences cool winters with frequent precipitation, and warm to hot (mean temperature peaking at 20C (68F) to 25C (77F) in August, depending on location), moderately dry summers. Leaving aboard the British warship HMS Malaya on 17 November 1922, he went into exile and died in Sanremo, Italy, on 16 May 1926. The three serpent heads of the 8-meter (26ft) high column remained intact until the end of the 17th century (one is on display at the nearby Istanbul Archaeology Museums). [344][345] After Istanbul's Haydarpaa Terminal opened in 1908, it served as the western terminus of the Baghdad Railway and an extension of the Hejaz Railway; today, neither service is offered directly from Istanbul. The city's largest private universities include Sabanc University, with its main campus in Tuzla, Ko University in Saryer, zyein niversitesi near Altunizade. Analysts say that number would balloon to almost $90 billion by 2030. [290] As public hospitals tend to be overcrowded or otherwise slow, private hospitals are preferable for those who can afford them. [158] Topkap Palace became public property following the abolition of monarchy in 1922. More arrivals per year shows how important the city is viewed internationally, and may indicate better infrastructure, such as airports, public transport, [90] The fault caused the earthquakes in 1766 and 1894. This results in frequent precipitation: the average number of rainy days in the city is 131, and in some parts it may reach up to 152 days. WebIstanbul is located on two sides over two continents, one of which is the European side (Avrupa Yakas) and the other is the Asian side (Anadolu Yakas). [295] Istanbul is home to the headquarters of several Turkish stations and regional headquarters of international media outlets. Apart from the natural flora Platanus orentalis, horse chestnut, cypress and stone pine make up the introduced species that got acclimatized to Istanbul. [169] All members of the district councils and the Municipal Council, including the metropolitan mayor, are elected to five-year terms. [264] Istanbul has seven basketball teamsAnadolu Efes, Beikta, Darafaka, Fenerbahe, Galatasaray, stanbul Bykehir Belediyespor and Bykekmecethat play in the premier-level Turkish Basketball Super League. Xeriscaping of green spaces has been suggested,[129] and Istanbul has a climate-change action plan. [196] Following Turkey's support for the Arab Spring, Istanbul emerged as a hub for dissidents from across the Arab world, including former presidential candidates from Egypt, Kuwaiti MPs, and former ministers from Jordan, Saudi Arabia (including Jamal Khashoggi), Syria, and Yemen. "The Policy of Mehmed II toward the Greek Population of Istanbul and the Byzantine Buildings of the City." [50][51] Constantinople's location also ensured its existence would stand the test of time; for many centuries, its walls and seafront protected Europe against invaders from the east and the advance of Islam. The Istanbul Biennial is a contemporary art exhibition that has been held biennially since 1987. [267] The stadium hosted the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final, and was selected by the UEFA to host the CL Final games of 2020 and 2021, which were relocated to Lisbon (2020) and Porto (2021) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. [373], Metropolitan municipality and Province in Marmara, Turkey, Originally a church, later a mosque, the 6th-century, Two aerial photos showing the Golden Horn and the Bosporus, taken from a German zeppelin on 19 March 1918, Rise and fall of Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire, Until the early 20th century, along with other names. It was traditionally held at the Hezarfen Airfield in Istanbul. [327] Trams in Istanbul date back to 1872, when they were horse-drawn, but even the first electrified trams were decommissioned in the 1960s. [290][312] Many of these private hospitals, as well as some of the public hospitals, are equipped with high-tech equipment, including MRI machines, or associated with medical research centers. Many of the city's most popular and upscale seafood restaurants line the shores of the Bosporus (particularly in neighborhoods like Ortaky, Bebek, Arnavutky, Yeniky, Beylerbeyi and engelky). 11431180). [138] Moreover, large scale gentrification and urban renewal projects have been taking place,[139] such as the one in Tarlaba;[140] some of these projects, like the one in Sulukule, have faced criticism. Modern authors have linked it to the Thracian toponym Lygos,[31] mentioned by Pliny the Elder as an earlier name for the site of Byzantium. 4). The Hagia Sophia, topped by a dome 31 meters (102ft) in diameter over a square space defined by four arches, is the pinnacle of Byzantine architecture. Although the real population of Moscow is subject to debate, it may be closer to 15 mil. [334] The Marmaray tunnel together with the suburban railways lines along the Sea of Marmara, is part of intercontinental commuter rail line in Istanbul, from Halkal on the European side to Gebze on the Asian side. [52][53] Constantinople is generally considered to be the center and the "cradle of Orthodox Christian civilization". [160] An example of which is the imperial Nuruosmaniye Mosque. [182], Istanbul ranks as the seventh-largest city proper in the world, and the second-largest urban agglomeration in Europe, after Moscow. [131] Galata (Karaky) is today a quarter within the Beyolu (Pera) district, which forms Istanbul's commercial and entertainment center and includes stiklal Avenue and Taksim Square. [205] As of 2019, an estimated 18,000 of the country's 25,000 Christian Assyrians live in Istanbul.[206]. WebIstanbul (Turkey) is 1.31 times as big as London (UK) Jacksonville, Florida (US) is 1.44 times as big as London (UK) Jakarta (Indonesia) is 0.42 times as big as London (UK) Karachi (Pakistan) is 2.40 times as big as London (UK) Kiev (Ukraine) is 0.53 times as big as London (UK) Lo Manthang (Nepal) is 1.28 times as big as London (UK) [202] Greeks and Armenians form the largest Christian population in the city. 30 million. Istanbul's weather is strongly influenced by the Sea of Marmara to the south, and the Black Sea to the north. [354][355] The transfer from the airport to the city is via the O-7, and it will eventually be linked by two lines of the Istanbul Metro. [27][26][28][29] The first human settlement on the Asian side, the Fikirtepe mound, is from the Copper Age period, with artifacts dating from 5500 to 3500 BCE,[30] On the European side, near the point of the peninsula (Sarayburnu), there was a Thracian settlement during the early 1st millennium BCE. 11% stated they were fully devoted to their religion, meanwhile 6% were non-believers who did not believe the rules and requirements of a religion. There are numerous ancient monuments in the city. The forest originally supplied water to the city and remnants of reservoirs used during Byzantine and Ottoman times survive.[145][146]. [306][310] Postal services remain under the purview of what is now the Post and Telegraph Organization (retaining the acronym PTT). mamolu won the vote with 48.77% of the vote, against Yldrm's 48.61%, but the elections were controversially annulled by the Supreme Electoral Council due to AKP's claim of electoral fraud. As a result, the current height of the obelisk is only 18.54 meters, or 25.6 meters if the base is included. [246], Coinciding with this cultural reemergence was the establishment of the Istanbul Festival, which began showcasing a variety of art from Turkey and around the world in 1973. [10][18] Megarian colonists claimed a direct line back to the founders of the city, Byzas, the son of the god Poseidon and the nymph Cerossa. [69] Like many monarchs before and since, Mehmed II transformed Istanbul's urban landscape with wholesale redevelopment of the city center. By 500 CE, Constantinople had somewhere between 400,000 and 500,000 people, edging out its predecessor, Rome, for world's largest city. The other obelisk was erected on the spina of the Circus Maximus in Rome in the autumn of that year, and is now known as the Lateran Obelisk. Roman Empire 196395 (Capital between 330395) Restaurants featuring foreign cuisines are mainly concentrated in the Beyolu, Beikta, ili and Kadky districts. Istanbul straddles both Europe and Asia, with its commercial and historical centre and two-thirds of the population in Europe, the rest in Asia. WebWith a total population of around fifteen million residents in its metropolitan area, Istanbul is one of the world's largest cities by population, standing as the world's fifteenth-largest 19.2C vs 18.2C 1.9C higher average temperature? It handled 61.3 million passengers in 2015, which made it the third-busiest airport in Europe and the 18th-busiest in the world in that year. [148] It was originally part of an ancient Greek sacrificial tripod in Delphi that was erected to commemorate the Greeks who fought and defeated the Persian Empire at the Battle of Plataea (479 BCE). [68] Revitalizing Istanbul also required a massive program of restorations, of everything from roads to aqueducts. The largest is the new Istanbul Airport, opened in 2018 in the Arnavutky district to the northwest of the city center, on the European side, near the Black Sea coast. [32], The history of the city proper begins around 660 BCE,[10][33][d] when Greek settlers from Megara established Byzantium on the European side of the Bosporus. [15] Several picturesque islandsBykada, Heybeliada, Burgazada, Knalada, and five smaller islandsare part of the city. [349] Private bus companies still operation to this day. The cost of living in Istanbul is 122% more expensive than in Konya. By 500 CE, Constantinople had somewhere between 400,000 and 500,000 people, edging out its predecessor, Rome, for the world's largest city. [96][102], As Istanbul is only slightly rain shadowed from Mediterranean storms and is otherwise surrounded by water, it usually receives some amount of precipitation from both Western European and Mediterranean systems. Areas around stiklal Avenue were filled with grand European embassies and rows of buildings in Neoclassical, Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau styles, which went on to influence the architecture of a variety of structures in Beyoluincluding churches, stores, and theatersand official buildings such as Dolmabahe Palace.[161]. [319] In 2011, the first and second bridges on the Bosphorus carried 400,000 vehicles each day. Chestnut, oak, elm, linden, ash and locust comprises the most prominent tree genera. 1551 people/km vs 2662 people/km 3.68$ cheaper monthly public transport ticket? Marmaray rail line has 76.6km, and the full line opened on 12 March 2019. [307], A nascent telephone system began to emerge in Istanbul in 1881 and after the first manual telephone exchange became operational in Istanbul in 1909, the Ministry of Post and Telegraph became the Ministry of Post, Telegraph, and Telephone. [45] Two months later, he laid out the plans for a new, Christian city to replace Byzantium. WebThis tool allows you to see the relative size of one country compared to another. A married women is also registered to her husband's province. It is also larger in size and has a lower population density, although the overall population of Istanbul is significantly higher than that of London. New York City (US) New York City (NYC), often called simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. [141] The Turkish government also has ambitious plans for an expansion of the city west and northwards on the European side in conjunction with the new Istanbul Airport, opened in 2019; the new parts of the city will include four different settlements with specified urban functions, housing 1.5million people. [15], Despite the myth that seven hills make up the city, there are, in fact, more than 50 hills within the city limits. [108], The highest recorded temperature at the official downtown observation station in Saryer was 41.5C (107F) and on 13 July 2000. [148] The Roman emperor Constantius II (r. 337361 CE) had it and another obelisk transported along the River Nile to Alexandria for commemorating his ventennalia or 20 years on the throne in 357. The most native taxa were in the Asteraceae family (50 species), while the most diverse exotic plant family was Rosaceae (16 species).[361]. [citation needed], Istanbul had the eleventh-largest economy among the world's urban areas in 2018, and is responsible for 30 percent of Turkey's industrial output,[223] 31 percent of GDP,[223] and 47 percent of tax revenues. [292], Radio broadcasts in Istanbul date back to 1927, when Turkey's first radio transmission came from atop the Central Post Office in Eminn. [9] In 330 CE, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great made it his imperial capital, renaming it first as New Rome (Greek: , Nea Rhom; Latin: Nova Roma)[10] and then as Constantinople (Constantinopolis) after himself. Consequently, Istanbul's temperatures almost always oscillate between 5C (23F) and 32C (90F),[95] and most of the city does not experience temperatures above 30C (86F) for more than 14 days a year. Despite its development as a Turkish city since 1453, it contains many ancient, Roman, Byzantine, Christian, Muslim, and Jewish monuments. 24% of the surveyed also identified themselves as "religious conservatives". [223] Trade is economically important, accounting for 30 percent of the economic output in the city. However, it is the Hagia Sophia that fully conveys the period of Constantinople as a city without parallel in Christendom. [26] The oldest known human settlement on the Asian side is the Fikirtepe Mound near Kadky, with relics dating to c. 5500-3500 BCE (Chalcolithic period). [56] They established the Latin Empire in place of the Orthodox Byzantine Empire. [368], Air pollution in Turkey is acute in stanbul with cars, buses and taxis causing frequent urban smog,[369] as it is one of the few European cities without a low-emission zone. [320] The O-7[321] or Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu, is a motorway that bypass Istanbul to the north. [310] Today, mobile and landline service is provided by private companies, after Trk Telekom, which split from the Ministry of Post, Telegraph, and Telephone in 1995, was privatized in 2005. [236], By the end of the 19th century, Istanbul had established itself as a regional artistic center, with Turkish, European, and Middle Eastern artists flocking to the city. [212] In large part due to emigration to Israel, the Jewish population in the city dropped from 100,000 in 1950[213] to 15,000 in 2021. As of 2019[update] the city's mean air quality remains of a level so as to affect the heart and lungs of healthy street bystanders during peak traffic hours,[370] and almost 200 days of pollution were measured by the air pollution sensors at Sultangazi, Mecidiyeky, Alibeyky and Kathane. The Ottoman Parliament was dissolved by the Allies on 11 April 1920 and the Ottoman delegation led by Damat Ferid Pasha was forced to sign the Treaty of Svres on 10 August 1920. Fares across modes are integrated, using the contactless Istanbulkart, introduced in 2009, or the older Akbil electronic ticket device. Organized between 2003 and 2013, Rock'n Coke was the biggest open-air rock festival in Turkey, sponsored by Coca-Cola. [372], Algal blooms and red tides were reported in Sea of Marmara and Bosporus (especially in Golden Horn), and regularly happen in urban lakes such as Lake Bykekmece and Kkekmece. Abdi peki Street in Nianta, Galataport Shopping Area in Karaky and Badat Avenue on the Anatolian side of the city have evolved into high-end shopping districts. [69] Mehmed II turned the ramshackle old town into something that looked like an imperial capital. [15] Historically, the city has been ideally situated for trade and defense: The confluence of the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Golden Horn provide both ideal defense against enemy attack and a natural toll-gate. 13. [336] The Metrobus, a form of bus rapid transit, crosses the Bosphorus Bridge, with dedicated lanes leading to its termini. [234] The new national government established programs that served to orient Turks toward musical traditions, especially those originating in Europe, but musical institutions and visits by foreign classical artists were primarily centered in the new capital. The importance of Constantinople in the Ottoman world was also reflected by its nickname Der Saadet meaning the 'Gate to Prosperity' in Ottoman Turkish. Mirroring the executive committee at the municipal level, the Provincial Executive Committee includes a secretary-general and leaders of departments that advise the Provincial Parliament. [39] The city experienced a brief period of Persian rule at the turn of the 5th century BCE, but the Greeks recaptured it during the Greco-Persian Wars. The settlers built an acropolis adjacent to the Golden Horn on the site of the early Thracian settlements, fueling the nascent city's economy. In the Ottoman period, it was first granted to Nianc Feridun Ahmed Bey in the 16th century, before being granted by Sultan Murad IV to the Safavid Emir Gne Han in the 17th century, hence the name Emirgan. [328] Operated by Istanbul Electricity, Tramway and Tunnels General Management (ETT), trams slowly returned to the city in the 1990s with the introduction of a nostalgic route and a faster modern tram line, which now carries 265,000 passengers each day. [104] Summer is considerably drier; unlike a true Mediterranean climate however, there is no true dry season as defined by Kppen. The AKP government had supported a 'Yes' vote and won the vote nationally due to high support in rural parts of the country. Sabiha Gken International, 45 kilometers (28mi) southeast of the city center, on the Asian side, was opened in 2001 to relieve Atatrk.
Farmers Home Furniture Ultipro Login,